pagecontents page contents
1.
question bank
2.
procedures/stack/relocation/linking
3.
cupid
4.
cmpxchg8b
5.
rdtsc
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UNIT I
1. Explain the flag structure of 8085 mp.
2. What are the architectural differences between 8086 & 8088 mps?
3. What is meant by pipelining in 8086 mp?
4. Explain the functions of following pins of 8086 mp
a). TEST/
b). DEN/
c). BHE/
d). LOCK/
5. Explain the functions of the register of 8086.
6. Explain the architecture diagram of 8086 with diagram.
80386
7. Explain the salient features of 80386 mp.
8. Explain the function of the control register CR0, CR1, CR2 and CR3 of 80386 mp.
9. Explain the memory map of 80386 when operated in the 1). Protected mode 2). Real mode.
10. Explain briefly about the signal groups of 386 DX with the help of diagram.
11. Write a short note on 80386 virtual mode.
12. Explain the function of the following PINS of 80486 mp a). ADS/ b). D/C/ c).PCD d). FLUSH/ e). RESET.
13. Explain the difference between 80486 DX and 80486 SX mps.
14. Compare 80386,80486 and Pentium processors, bringing out clearly their commonalities and differences.
15. What is the purpose of BIST in 80486 mp? Explain its function in detail.
16. Write short notes on virtual 80386 mode.
17. Explain the instructions of 80486. a). WBIND b). CMPXCHG c). INVLPB.
18. Describe the instructions of 80386. a). HOVZX b). SGTCD c). SHRD.
19. Describe the major improvements that 80486 processor has over the 80386 processor.
20. Show and explain how 80386 compute physical address. When paying mode is enable.
21. Explain the format for 80386 segment selectors and discuss how the selectors are used to access a descriptor of descriptor table.
22. Draw flag register of 80486.
23. Explain briefly about the signal groups of 80386 DX with the help diagram.
24. List the segment registers and default offset combinations with their ssors?
25. What are program invisible registers? List them for 80386/80486 microprocessor
26. Compare the register set of the 80386 and 80486 microprocessor. What differences exist between the 80386 and 80486 flag.
27. Can 80486 caching be disabled by software? Explain.
purpose in 80386/80486 microprocessors.
UNIT II (MOTOROLA 68000)
1. What are the important register in 68000 mps? Explain their functions.
2. Discuss the organization of main memory in 68000. what is its addressing structure?
3. With examples discuss the addressing modes available in 68000.
4. Describe the major features of RISC based computers which will enable them to execute faster.
5. With a neat block diagram explain DEC alpha AXP architecture and its implementation.
6. Explain different type of development and trouble shooting tools for mp based systems.
7. Explain the function of an in circuit emulator (ICE) as an interface to MDS.
8. write short notes on a). 68000-assemly directive b). power-pc.
9. List the major functions of RISC based computers and describe how each of these features helps to produce faster exeation.
10. Explain the different assembly directives of mc 68X0 and discuss about the register of mc 68X0.
11. Explain about the development of AXP systems.
12. What are the different addressing modes used in mc 68X0? Explain each mode with an eg.
13. Write a short notes on data formats of mc 68x0.
14. Discuss the differences between RISC and CISC processors.
15. Explain the architecture of SUN SPARC RISC.
16. Explain how mp based systems are developed using MDS with eg.
17. Explain the program control system control and multiprocessor communication instructrions.
UNIT III (PENTIUM)
1. Explain the functions and features of control register of Pentium processor.
2. Explain with a neat block schematic diagram the Pentium processor memory management describe how the Pentium access 4M pages.
3. Explain about the Pentium memory management
4. Explain the new Pentium processor instructions.
5. Write a note on Pentium processor mp and explain the feature of special Pentium processor mp.
6. How much memory is accessible to Pentium microprocessor? How much memory is accessible to Pentium processor microprocessor? What is the purpose of DP0 DP7 in Pentium?
7. What new flag bits and what new control register is added to the Pentium microprocessor.
8. Compare 5 different features between Pentium and Pentium pro processors and explain.
9. Mention new instructions of Pentium processor and explain each instruction operation in detail.
10. With a neat diagram explain the internal structure of the Pentium pro microprocessor.
11. How many caches are found in Pentium and what are their sizes.
MICROCONTROLLER
1. Explain the operation of XCHD instruction with an suitable example? And mention all possible combinations of XCHD instruction.
2. Explain the operation of SJMP and AJMP instructions.
3. Mention all possible interrupts with 8051 give their vector address? And put them in the default priority order.
4. Interface an external memory of 8K RAM and 16K EPROM to 8051 microcontroller with neat sketch and explain.
5. Explain with a neat sketch about external memory timing.
6. Explain in detail the timer/counter operation of 8051 with description of about relative special function registers explanation
7. a). Explain why mode 0 is not suitable for 8051 communications
b). Explain mod 1 operation of UART in 8051.
Also read
1. Architecture of 8085,8086 & 8051.
2. Timing diagrams for 8085 & 8086.
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MPMC LAB
ECE 1 & ECE 2 this lab note could be useful have added pentium instructions
"procedures,stacks, relocation/linking"
Assembly Language Programming CR Sarma
This is an example program to design a menu driven ALP and also show the features of modular program development using linking and relocation.The student is expected to assemble the five programs separately and study the .lst file and locate the relocation information which is incomplete with the address of the external module/variable not assigned any specific value (except 0000) and a suffix R /E indicating that this is going to be assigned at loading time by the LOADER. The Linker links the five modules CALCU.obj ADDER.obj, DIVD.obj,MULT.obj SUBB.obj and assigns relative addresses. The LOADER will assign the absolute addresses at run time depending on the memory availability to the OS.
TITLE is an assembly directive where the rest of the line is ignored by the assembler for assembly; this is used to give the name of the file/program. Usually it is a good practice to keep the same for the File and the Main module contained in it. The Module which has the .startup directive or the end label(start address) will be the main module called by its name. Make sure that after every assembly level modification the assembler is used to generate the .obj. Ensure that after all .objs are ready that they are LINKED together typically with the Main module file first. Inspect the .lst file after each assembly specially looking for relocation items.
During debugging view the CPU contents as this will give the comprehensive picture of the calling modules and called modules showing the mnemonic assembly language. Keep the option zi/la for source level debugging & listing all items during assembling, follow the same for linking by using /v for source level debugging.
Debug the entire program and check whether input numbers more than 32,767 can be given for both the input values.
DANGER only module ADDER.ASM is debugged!!!!!!!! DIVD>ASM,MULT>ASM,SUBB>ASM have not at all been tested so understand ADDER.ASM and use it as key to implement/debug the last three modules.
TITLE CALCU.ASM
EXTRN ADDER:near,MULT:near,divd:near,subb:near
.model tiny
printf macro string
mov ah,09h
mov dx, offset string
int 21h
endm
getch macro
mov ah,01
int 21h
endm
.stack 160
.data
menu db 0ah,0dh,' A Simple Calculator'
db 0ah,0dh,' 1. addition'
db 0ah,0dh,' 2. subtraction'
db 0ah,0dh,' 3. multiplication'
db 0ah,0dh,' 4. division'
db 0ah,0dh,' X. exit the program'
db 0ah,0dh,' input your choice ?$'
addproc db 0ah,0dh,' addition procedure?$'
subproc db 0ah,0dh,' subtraction procedure?$'
divproc db 0ah,0dh,' division procedure?$'
mulproc db 0ah,0dh,' multiplication procedure?$'
num1 dw 0
num2 dw 0
PRESSANYKEY DB 0AH,0DH,'PRESS ANY KEY $'
binnum dw 0;accessed by asc2bin
overflowdmsg db 0dh,0ah, 'overflow error $';
invalidmsg db 0dh,0ah, 'invalid error $';
enternum db 0dh,0ah, 'please type a number less than 32000 $';from
asciinum db '00000$';getnum
binout dw 0ffffh
RESULT DB 0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,'THE RESULT IS '
ascout db '00000',0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,'$'
.code
.startup
begin:
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
menuagain:
printf menu
getch
cmp al,'1'
jne nxt1
call addition
jmp menuagain
nxt1:
cmp al,'2'
jne nxt2
call subtract
jmp menuagain
nxt2:
cmp al,'3'
jne nxt3
call divide
jmp menuagain
nxt3:
cmp al,'4'
jne nxt4
call multiply
jmp menuagain
nxt4:
cmp al,'X'
jne menuagain
.exit
asc2bin proc
mov cx,5 ;put number of digits in cx
mov di,10 ;put base 10 in di to multiply acc with
mov bh,'9' ;bh to check if number greater than 9
mov bl,'0' ;bl checks lower limit of number
mov si,offset asciinum
xor ax,ax ; make accumulator zero
A2Bagain:
mul di
jc overflow
mov dx,ax ; save multiply accumulate reister AX
mov al,[si]
cmp al,bl
jl invalid
cmp al,bh
jg invalid
sub al,30h
cbw
add ax,dx
jc overflow
inc si
loop A2Bagain
over:
mov binnum,ax
ret
invalid:
PRINTF invalidmsg
PRINTF PRESSANYKEY
GETCH
jmp BEGIN
overflow:
PRINTF overflowdmsg
PRINTF PRESSANYKEY
GETCH
jmp BEGIN
asc2bin endp
bin2asc proc
xor si,si
mov di,offset ascout
add di,4
mov ax,binOUT
MOV DX,0
mov bx,10
mov cx,5
ba:
div bx
add dl,30h
mov [di],dl
dec di
xor dx,dx
loop ba
RET
bin2asc endp
getnum proc
mov ah,9
mov dx,offset enternum
int 21h
mov si,offset asciinum
mov cx,5
GNagain:
mov ah,01
int 21h
mov [si],al
inc si
loop GNagain
ret
getnum endp
multiply proc
call getnum
call asc2bin
mov ax,binnum
push ax
call getnum
call asc2bin
mov ax,binnum
push ax
call mult
pop ax
pop bx
add ax,bx
mov binout,ax
call bin2asc
ret
multiply endp
subtract proc
call getnum
call asc2bin
mov ax,binnum
push ax
call getnum
call asc2bin
mov ax,binnum
push ax
call subb
pop ax
pop bx
add ax,bx
mov binout,ax
call bin2asc
ret
subtract endp
divide proc
call getnum
call asc2bin
mov ax,binnum
push ax
call getnum
call asc2bin
mov ax,binnum
push ax
call divd
pop ax
pop bx
add ax,bx
mov binout,ax
call bin2asc
PRINTF RESULT
ret
divide endp
addition proc
call getnum
call asc2bin
push binnum
call getnum
call asc2bin
push BINNUM
CALL ADDER
pop ax
pop bx
; add ax,bx
mov binout,ax
call bin2asc
PRINTF RESULT
ret
addition endp
END
*************************************TITLE ADDER.ASM; MODULE EXTERNAL
*************************************
.model tiny
.code
adder proc
push bp
mov bp,sp
add bp,6
mov ax,[bp]
dec bp
dec bp
mov bx,[bp]
add ax,bx
mov [bp],ax
xor bx,0
inc bp
inc bp
mov [bp],bx
ret
adder endp
end
*************************************
TITLE DIVD.ASM MODULE EXTERNAL
*************************************
public divd
.model tiny
.code
divd proc near
push bp
mov bp,sp
add bp,6
mov ax,[bp]
dec bp
dec bp
mov bx,[bp]
div bx
mov [bp],ax
inc bp
inc bp
mov ax,0
mov [bp],ax
pop bp
ret
divd endp
end
*************************************
TITLE MULT.ASM MODULE EXTERNAL
*************************************
public mult
.model tiny
.code
mult proc near
push bp
mov bp,sp
add bp,6
mov ax,[bp]
dec bp
dec bp
mov bx,[bp]
mul bx
mov [bp],ax
inc bp
inc bp
mov ax,0
mov [bp],ax
pop bp
ret
mult endp
end
*************************************
TITLE SUBB>ASM MODULE EXTERNAL
*************************************
public subb
.model tiny
.code
subb proc near
push bp
mov bp,sp
add bp,6
mov ax,[bp]
dec bp
dec bp
mov bx,[bp]
sub ax,bx
mov [bp],ax
inc bp
inc bp
mov ax,0
mov [bp],ax
pop bp
ret
subb endp
end
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cpuid
TITLE CPUID.ASM
.MODEL TINY
.586
PRINTF MACRO DMES
MOV AH,9
LEA DX,DMES
INT 21H
ENDM
LF EQU 0AH
CR EQU 0DH
; CPUID INSTRUCTION WHEN EXECUTED WITH EAX=0
; - GETS "GENUIINE INTEL " IN ECX:EBX:EDX IF CPU IS INTEL PENTIUM
; ELSE RETURNS EAX=1 FOR OTHER CPU'S
; CPUID INSTRUCTION WHEN EXECUTED WITH EAX=1
; EAX BITS 3-0= NUMBER OF THE STEPPING ID
; EAX BITS 7-4= MODEL NUMBER
; EDX BIT 0 ='CPU CONTAINS FPU'
; EDX BIT 1 ='ENHANCED 8086 VM SUPPORT"
; EDX BIT 3 ='PAGE SIZE EXTENSION SUPPORTED"
; EDX BIT 4 ='TIME STAMP COUNTER SUPPORTED"
; EDX BIT 8 ='CMPXCHG8B SUPPORTEDSUPPORTED"
; EDX BIT 9 ='3.3VOLT POWER SUPPLY
MICROPROCESSOR"
.STACK 64
.DATA
cpumanuf db CR,LF,' this is the ----'
pmsg db '000000000000$'
stid db CR,LF,'Stepping number : '
sid db '00$'
cpm db CR,LF, 'CPUMODEL : '
CPUMODEL DB '00$'
CF DB CR,LF, 'CPUCONTAINSFPU$'
E86VMSUP DB CR,LF, 'ENHANCED 8086 VM SUPPORT$'
PSES DB CR,LF,, 'PAGE SIZE EXTENSION SUPPORTED$'
TSCSUP DB CR,LF,, 'TIME STAMP COUNTER SUPPORTED$'
ps33 db CR,LF,, '3.3 volts microprocessor$'
cmpxch8 db CR,LF,, 'compare & exchange 8 bytes supported$'
CPUCONTAINSFPU EQU 0
ENHANCED8086VMSUPPORT EQU 1
PAGESIZEEXTENSIONSUPPORTED EQU 3
TIMESTAMPCOUNTERSUPPORTED EQU 4
CMPXCHG8BSUPPORTEDSUPPORTED EQU 8
PS33VOLTMICROPROCESSOR EQU 9
.CODE
.STARTUP
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV EAX,0
CPUID
mov dword ptr [pmsg],ebx
mov dword ptr [pmsg+4],edx
mov dword ptr [pmsg+8],ecx
printf cpumanuf
MOV EAX,1
CPUID
PUSH EAX
push edx
AND AX,0FH
MOV BL,10
DIV BL
MOV SI,OFFSET sid
add al,30h
mov [si],al
inc si
add ah,30h
mov [si],ah
pop eax
and ax,0f0h
mov cl,4
rol al,cl
AND AX,0FH
MOV BL,10
DIV BL
MOV SI,OFFSET cpumodel
add al,30h
mov [si],al
inc si
add ah,30h
mov [si],ah
printf stid
printf cpm
pop edx
test edx,cpucontainsfpu
je nxt1
printf cf
nxt1: test edx,ENHANCED8086VMSUPPORT
jne nxt2
printf E86VMSUP
nxt2: test edx,TIMESTAMPCOUNTERSUPPORTED
je nxt3
printf TSCSUP
nxt3: test edx,PAGESIZEEXTENSIONSUPPORTED
je nxt4
printf PSES
nxt4: test edx,CMPXCHG8BSUPPORTEDSUPPORTED
je nxt5
printf cmpxch8
nxt5: test edx,PS33VOLTMICROPROCESSOR
je nxt6
printf ps33
;nxt6: test edx,TIMESTAMPCOUNTERSUPPORTED
; je nxt7
; printf TSCSUP
nxt6:
.EXIT
END
************************************************************************************
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cmpxchg8b
TITLE cmpx8.ASM
.MODEL TINY
.586
PRINTF MACRO DMES
MOV AH,9
LEA DX,DMES
INT 21H
ENDM
LF EQU 0AH
CR EQU 0DH
.stack 16
.data
search dq '11111111'
replace db '22222222'
wordlist db '33333333'
db '11111111'
db '55555555'
.code
.startup
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
mov ecx,4
mov esi,offset wordlist
ag:
push ecx
mov eax,[esi]
add esi,4
mov edx,[esi]
mov ebx,dword ptr [replace]
mov ecx,dword ptr [replace+4]
cmpxchg8b search
add esi,4
pop ecx
loop ag
.exit
end
******************************************************************
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rdtsc
TITLE rdtsc.ASM
.MODEL TINY
.586
PRINTF MACRO DMES
MOV AH,9
LEA DX,DMES
INT 21H
ENDM
LF EQU 0AH
CR EQU 0DH
.stack 16
.data
cpuspeed equ 350
firstrdtsc dq 0
ttfe db cr,lf,' microseconds $'
.CODE
.STARTUP
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS,AX
push edx
push ecx
db 0fh,31h ; op code for rdtsc instruction as borland is diplomatic
mov dword ptr firstrdtsc,eax
mov dword ptr firstrdtsc+4,edx
db 0fh,31h ; op code for rdtsc instruction as borland is diplomatic
sub eax, dword ptr firstrdtsc
sbb edx, dword ptr firstrdtsc+4
mov ecx,cpuspeed
div ecx
mov si,offset ttfe
add ttfe,2
mov bl,10
mov ax,dx
div bl
add al,30h
mov ttfe,al
add ah,30h
mov ttfe+1,ah
printf ttfe
pop ecx
pop edx
.exit
end
