My Book" Microprocessors and Microcontrollers" is doing fine by the good wishes of students and teachers. It has review questions after each chapter and these are quite a lot in number , they are also useful for exam preparation. Apart from these JNTU OU question papers were refered and the list below is the question bank. we will update it regularily. (ALS/KSA/GKR/CRS-GNITS) pagecontents

page contents 

1. question bank
2.procedures stack relocation linking
3.Calculator -example of external linking
4.cupid
5.cmpxchg8b
6.rdtsc
7. 4th mid exam 99batch
8. 5th mid exam 99batch

9.return to main page

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UNIT I

1. Explain the flag structure of 8085 mp. 2. What are the architectural differences between 8086 & 8088 mps? 3. What is meant by pipelining in 8086 mp? 4. Explain the functions of following pins of 8086 mp

a). TEST/ b). DEN/ c). BHE/ d). LOCK/

5. Explain the functions of the register of 8086. 6. Explain the architecture diagram of 8086 with diagram. 80386 7. Explain the salient features of 80386 mp. 8. Explain the function of the control register CR0, CR1, CR2 and CR3 of 80386 mp. 9. Explain the memory map of 80386 when operated in the 1). Protected mode 2). Real mode. 10. Explain briefly about the signal groups of 386 DX with the help of diagram. 11. Write a short note on 80386 virtual mode. 12. Explain the function of the following PINS of 80486 mp a). ADS/ b). D/C/ c).PCD d). FLUSH/ e). RESET. 13. Explain the difference between 80486 DX and 80486 SX mps. 14. Compare 80386,80486 and Pentium processors, bringing out clearly their commonalities and differences. 15. What is the purpose of BIST in 80486 mp? Explain its function in detail. 16. Write short notes on virtual 80386 mode. 17. Explain the instructions of 80486. a). WBIND b). CMPXCHG c). INVLPB. 18. Describe the instructions of 80386. a). HOVZX b). SGTCD c). SHRD. 19. Describe the major improvements that 80486 processor has over the 80386 processor. 20. Show and explain how 80386 compute physical address. When paying mode is enable. 21. Explain the format for 80386 segment selectors and discuss how the selectors are used to access a descriptor of descriptor table. 22. Draw flag register of 80486. 23. Explain briefly about the signal groups of 80386 DX with the help diagram. 24. List the segment registers and default offset combinations with their ssors? 25. What are program invisible registers? List them for 80386/80486 microprocessor 26. Compare the register set of the 80386 and 80486 microprocessor. What differences exist between the 80386 and 80486 flag. 27. Can 80486 caching be disabled by software? Explain. purpose in 80386/80486 microprocessors.

UNIT II (MOTOROLA 68000)

1. What are the important register in 68000 mps? Explain their functions. 2. Discuss the organization of main memory in 68000. what is its addressing structure? 3. With examples discuss the addressing modes available in 68000. 4. Describe the major features of RISC based computers which will enable them to execute faster. 5. With a neat block diagram explain DEC alpha AXP architecture and its implementation. 6. Explain different type of development and trouble shooting tools for mp based systems. 7. Explain the function of an in circuit emulator (ICE) as an interface to MDS. 8. write short notes on a). 68000-assemly directive b). power-pc. 9. List the major functions of RISC based computers and describe how each of these features helps to produce faster exeation. 10. Explain the different assembly directives of mc 68X0 and discuss about the register of mc 68X0. 11. Explain about the development of AXP systems. 12. What are the different addressing modes used in mc 68X0? Explain each mode with an eg. 13. Write a short notes on data formats of mc 68x0. 14. Discuss the differences between RISC and CISC processors. 15. Explain the architecture of SUN SPARC RISC. 16. Explain how mp based systems are developed using MDS with eg. 17. Explain the program control system control and multiprocessor communication instructrions.

UNIT III (PENTIUM)

1. Explain the functions and features of control register of Pentium processor. 2. Explain with a neat block schematic diagram the Pentium processor memory management describe how the Pentium access 4M pages. 3. Explain about the Pentium memory management 4. Explain the new Pentium processor instructions. 5. Write a note on Pentium processor mp and explain the feature of special Pentium processor mp. 6. How much memory is accessible to Pentium microprocessor? How much memory is accessible to Pentium processor microprocessor? What is the purpose of DP0 DP7 in Pentium? 7. What new flag bits and what new control register is added to the Pentium microprocessor. 8. Compare 5 different features between Pentium and Pentium pro processors and explain. 9. Mention new instructions of Pentium processor and explain each instruction operation in detail. 10. With a neat diagram explain the internal structure of the Pentium pro microprocessor. 11. How many caches are found in Pentium and what are their sizes. MICROCONTROLLER 1. Explain the operation of XCHD instruction with an suitable example? And mention all possible combinations of XCHD instruction. 2. Explain the operation of SJMP and AJMP instructions. 3. Mention all possible interrupts with 8051 give their vector address? And put them in the default priority order. 4. Interface an external memory of 8K RAM and 16K EPROM to 8051 microcontroller with neat sketch and explain. 5. Explain with a neat sketch about external memory timing. 6. Explain in detail the timer/counter operation of 8051 with description of about relative special function registers explanation 7. a). Explain why mode 0 is not suitable for 8051 communications b). Explain mod 1 operation of UART in 8051. Also read 1. Architecture of 8085,8086 & 8051. 2. Timing diagrams for 8085 & 8086.
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MPMC LAB

ECE 1 & ECE 2 this lab note could be useful have added pentium instructions "procedures,stacks, relocation/linking" Assembly Language Programming CR Sarma 

 
 This is an example program to design a menu driven ALP and also show the features of
 

modular program development using linking and relocation.
 
 The student is expected to assemble the five programs separately and study the .lst file  


 and locate the relocation information which is incomplete with the address of the 

external module/variable not assigned any specific value (except 0000) and a suffix R /E 

indicating that this is going to be assigned at loading time by the LOADER.
 
 The Linker links the five modules CALCU.obj ADDER.obj,DIVD.obj,MULT.obj SUBB.obj and 
 

assigns relative addresses. 
 
 The LOADER will assign the absolute addresses at run time depending on the memory 
 

availability to the OS.
 
 TITLE is an assembly directive where the rest of the line is ignored by the assembler for 


 assembly this is used to give the name of the file/program. Usually it is a good 

practice to 
 keep the same name for the File and the Main module contained in it.
 
 The Module which has the .startup directive  or the end label(start address) will be the 


 main module called by its name.
 
 Make sure that after every assembly level modification the assembler is used to generate 


 the .obj. Ensure that after all .objs are ready that they are LINKED together typically 

with 
 the Main module file first.
 
 Inspect the .lst file after each assembly specially looking for relocation items. During 


 debugging view the CPU contents as this will give the comprehensive picture of the 

calling 
 modules and called modules showing the mnemonic assembly language.  Keep the 

option zi/la 
 for source level debugging & listing all items during assembling, follow 

the same for 
 linking by using /v for source level debugging.
 
 Debug the entire program and check whether input numbers more than 32,767 can be given for 


 both the input values. 
 
DANGER only module ADDER.ASM is debugged!!!!!!!! DIVD.ASM,MULT.ASM,SUBB.ASM have not at all 


 been tested so understand ADDER.ASM and use it as key to implement/debug the last three 


 modules.   
 
 


 
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TITLE    CALCU.ASM


 
EXTRN      ADDER:near,MULT:near,divd:near,subb:near
                 .model tiny
 
printf           macro     string
                mov     ah,09h
                mov     dx, offset string
                int     21h
                   endm
getch           macro
                mov     ah,01
                int 21h
                endm
                .stack 160
                .data
menu               db  0ah,0dh,'           A Simple Calculator'
                   db  0ah,0dh,'       1. addition'
                   db  0ah,0dh,'       2. subtraction'
                   db  0ah,0dh,'       3. multiplication'
                   db  0ah,0dh,'       4. division'
                   db  0ah,0dh,'       X. exit the program'
                   db  0ah,0dh,'       input your choice ?$'
addproc            db  0ah,0dh,'       addition procedure?$'
subproc            db  0ah,0dh,'       subtraction procedure?$'
divproc            db  0ah,0dh,'       division procedure?$'
mulproc            db  0ah,0dh,'       multiplication procedure?$'
num1               dw  0
num2               dw  0
 
PRESSANYKEY        DB 0AH,0DH,'PRESS ANY KEY  $'     
 
binnum             dw   0;accessed by asc2bin
overflowdmsg       db  0dh,0ah, 'overflow error  $';
invalidmsg         db  0dh,0ah, 'invalid  error  $';
 
enternum           db 0dh,0ah, 'please type a number less than 32000    $';from
asciinum           db   '00000$';getnum
binout             dw   0ffffh
RESULT             DB 0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,'THE RESULT IS     '   

        
ascout             db  '00000',0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,0AH,0DH,0DH,0AH,'$'
 
                   .code
                   .startup
begin:
                mov     ax,@data
                mov     ds,ax
menuagain:
                printf  menu
                getch
                cmp     al,'1'
                jne     nxt1
                call    addition
 
                jmp  menuagain
nxt1:
                cmp     al,'2'
                jne    nxt2
                call    subtract
                jmp     menuagain
nxt2:
                cmp     al,'3'
                jne     nxt3
                call    divide
                jmp     menuagain
nxt3:
                cmp     al,'4'
                jne     nxt4
                call    multiply
                jmp     menuagain
nxt4:
                cmp     al,'X'
                jne     menuagain
                   .exit
 
 
asc2bin            proc
 
                mov   cx,5      ;put number of digits in cx
                mov   di,10     ;put base 10 in di to multiply acc with
                mov   bh,'9'    ;bh to check if number greater than 9   
                mov   bl,'0'    ;bl checks lower limit of number
                mov   si,offset   asciinum
 
 
                xor   ax,ax     ; make accumulator zero
A2Bagain:
                mul   di
                jc   overflow
                mov  dx,ax      ; save multiply accumulate reister AX
                mov     al,[si]
                cmp     al,bl
                jl      invalid
                cmp     al,bh
                jg      invalid
                sub     al,30h
                cbw
                add     ax,dx
                jc      overflow
                inc     si
                loop    A2Bagain
over:
                mov     binnum,ax
                   ret
 
invalid:
                PRINTF invalidmsg
                PRINTF  PRESSANYKEY
                GETCH
                jmp   BEGIN
overflow:
                
                PRINTF  overflowdmsg
                PRINTF  PRESSANYKEY
                GETCH
                jmp   BEGIN
asc2bin             endp
 
bin2asc             proc
 
                xor    si,si
                mov    di,offset ascout
                add     di,4
                mov     ax,binOUT
                MOV      DX,0
                mov     bx,10
                mov     cx,5
ba:
                div     bx
                add     dl,30h
                mov     [di],dl
                dec     di
                xor     dx,dx
                loop    ba
                RET
bin2asc             endp
 
getnum              proc
 
                mov     ah,9
                mov     dx,offset enternum
                int     21h
                mov     si,offset asciinum
                mov     cx,5
GNagain:
                mov     ah,01
                int     21h
                mov     [si],al
                inc     si
                loop    GNagain
                ret
getnum              endp
 
multiply            proc
 
                call    getnum
                call    asc2bin
                mov   ax,binnum
 
                push    ax
                call    getnum
                call    asc2bin
                mov   ax,binnum
                push    ax
                call   mult
                pop     ax
                pop     bx
                add     ax,bx
                mov    binout,ax
                call   bin2asc
 
                ret
multiply            endp
subtract            proc
 
                call    getnum
                call    asc2bin
                mov   ax,binnum
                push    ax
 
 
                call    getnum
                call    asc2bin
                mov   ax,binnum
                push    ax
                call subb
                pop     ax
                pop     bx
                add     ax,bx
                mov    binout,ax
                call   bin2asc
 
                ret
subtract            endp
 
 
divide              proc
 
                call    getnum
                call    asc2bin
                mov   ax,binnum
                push    ax
                call    getnum
                call    asc2bin
                mov   ax,binnum
                push    ax
                call   divd
                pop     ax
                pop     bx
                add     ax,bx
                mov    binout,ax
                call   bin2asc
                PRINTF RESULT
                ret
divide             endp
 
addition           proc
                call    getnum
                call    asc2bin
                push    binnum
                call    getnum
                call    asc2bin
                push   BINNUM
                CALL    ADDER
                pop     ax
                pop     bx
 
               ; add     ax,bx
                mov    binout,ax
                call   bin2asc
                PRINTF RESULT
                ret
addition            endp
                END

*************************************TITLE       ADDER.ASM; MODULE EXTERNAL 
*************************************
                .model  tiny
                .code
adder        proc
                push   bp
                mov     bp,sp
                add    bp,6
                mov      ax,[bp]
                dec   bp
                dec   bp
                mov      bx,[bp]
                add    ax,bx
                mov    [bp],ax 
                xor    bx,0
		inc   bp
		inc	bp
                mov    [bp],bx
                  
                ret
adder       endp
                end
*************************************
TITLE     DIVD.ASM MODULE EXTERNAL
*************************************
public     divd
                .model  tiny
                .code
divd         proc    near
                push   bp
                mov     bp,sp
                add    bp,6
                mov      ax,[bp]
                dec   bp
                dec   bp
                mov      bx,[bp]
                div    bx
                mov     [bp],ax
                inc     bp
                inc     bp
                mov     ax,0
                mov     [bp],ax
                pop   bp
                ret
divd         endp
                end
*************************************
 
TITLE   MULT.ASM MODULE EXTERNAL
*************************************
public     mult
                .model  tiny
                .code
mult        proc    near
                push   bp
                mov     bp,sp
                add    bp,6
                mov      ax,[bp]
                dec   bp
                dec   bp
                mov      bx,[bp]
                mul    bx
                mov     [bp],ax
                inc     bp
                inc     bp
 
                mov     ax,0
                mov     [bp],ax
                pop   bp                                                                     

                                                      
                ret
mult        endp
                end
 
*************************************
TITLE  SUBB>ASM MODULE EXTERNAL
*************************************
public     subb
                .model  tiny
                .code
subb        proc    near
                push   bp
                mov     bp,sp
 
                add    bp,6
                mov      ax,[bp]
                dec   bp
                dec   bp
                mov      bx,[bp]
                sub    ax,bx
                mov     [bp],ax
                inc     bp
                inc     bp
                mov     ax,0
                mov     [bp],ax
                pop   bp
                      
                ret
subb        endp
                end


 
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cpuid


 TITLE    CPUID.ASM
       .MODEL  TINY
       .586

PRINTF  MACRO   DMES
        MOV     AH,9
        LEA     DX,DMES
        INT     21H
        ENDM
LF                         EQU      0AH
CR                         EQU      0DH
; CPUID  INSTRUCTION WHEN EXECUTED WITH EAX=0
;        - GETS "GENUIINE INTEL " IN ECX:EBX:EDX IF CPU IS INTEL PENTIUM
;       ELSE RETURNS EAX=1 FOR OTHER CPU'S
; CPUID  INSTRUCTION WHEN EXECUTED WITH EAX=1
;       EAX BITS  3-0= NUMBER OF THE STEPPING ID
;       EAX BITS  7-4= MODEL NUMBER
;       EDX BIT   0 ='CPU CONTAINS FPU'
;       EDX BIT   1 ='ENHANCED 8086 VM SUPPORT"
;       EDX BIT   3 ='PAGE SIZE EXTENSION SUPPORTED"
;       EDX BIT   4 ='TIME STAMP COUNTER SUPPORTED"
;       EDX BIT   8 ='CMPXCHG8B SUPPORTEDSUPPORTED"
;       EDX BIT   9 ='3.3VOLT POWER SUPPLY MICROPROCESSOR"
        .STACK    64
        .DATA
cpumanuf        db CR,LF,' this is the ----'
pmsg            db  '000000000000$'
stid            db  CR,LF,'Stepping  number : '
sid             db  '00$'
cpm             db CR,LF, 'CPUMODEL         : '
CPUMODEL        DB  '00$'
CF              DB CR,LF, 'CPUCONTAINSFPU$'
E86VMSUP        DB CR,LF, 'ENHANCED 8086 VM SUPPORT$'
PSES            DB CR,LF,, 'PAGE SIZE EXTENSION SUPPORTED$'
TSCSUP          DB CR,LF,, 'TIME STAMP COUNTER SUPPORTED$'
ps33            db CR,LF,, '3.3 volts microprocessor$'
cmpxch8         db CR,LF,, 'compare & exchange 8 bytes supported$'
CPUCONTAINSFPU                  EQU      0
ENHANCED8086VMSUPPORT           EQU      1
PAGESIZEEXTENSIONSUPPORTED      EQU      3
TIMESTAMPCOUNTERSUPPORTED       EQU      4
CMPXCHG8BSUPPORTEDSUPPORTED     EQU      8
PS33VOLTMICROPROCESSOR         EQU      9
        .CODE
        .STARTUP
        MOV     AX,@DATA
        MOV     DS,AX
        MOV     EAX,0
        CPUID
        mov  dword ptr   [pmsg],ebx
        mov dword ptr [pmsg+4],edx
        mov dword ptr [pmsg+8],ecx
        printf  cpumanuf
        MOV     EAX,1
        CPUID
        PUSH    EAX
        push    edx
        AND AX,0FH
        MOV BL,10
        DIV   BL
        MOV     SI,OFFSET  sid
      
        add     al,30h
        mov  [si],al
        inc  si
        add ah,30h
        mov  [si],ah
        pop     eax
        and  ax,0f0h
        mov     cl,4
        rol  al,cl
        AND AX,0FH
        MOV BL,10
        DIV   BL
        MOV     SI,OFFSET  cpumodel
        add     al,30h
        mov  [si],al
        inc  si
        add ah,30h
        mov  [si],ah
        printf  stid
        printf   cpm
        pop     edx
        test  edx,cpucontainsfpu
        je   nxt1
        printf  cf
nxt1:   test  edx,ENHANCED8086VMSUPPORT
        jne   nxt2
        printf  E86VMSUP
nxt2:   test  edx,TIMESTAMPCOUNTERSUPPORTED
        je   nxt3
        printf  TSCSUP
nxt3:   test  edx,PAGESIZEEXTENSIONSUPPORTED
        je   nxt4
        printf  PSES
nxt4:   test  edx,CMPXCHG8BSUPPORTEDSUPPORTED
        je   nxt5
        printf  cmpxch8
nxt5:   test  edx,PS33VOLTMICROPROCESSOR
        je   nxt6
        printf  ps33
;nxt6:   test  edx,TIMESTAMPCOUNTERSUPPORTED
;        je   nxt7
;        printf  TSCSUP
nxt6:

        .EXIT
END

************************************************************************************





cmpxchg8b 

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TITLE    cmpx8.ASM
       .MODEL  TINY
       .586

PRINTF  MACRO   DMES
        MOV     AH,9
        LEA     DX,DMES
        INT     21H
        ENDM
LF                         EQU      0AH
CR                         EQU      0DH
        .stack  16
        .data
search          dq '11111111'
replace         db '22222222'
wordlist        db '33333333'
                db '11111111'
                db '55555555'
        .code
        .startup
        mov     ax,@data
        mov     ds,ax
        mov     ecx,4
        mov   esi,offset wordlist
ag:
        push   ecx
        mov eax,[esi]
        add esi,4
        mov     edx,[esi]
        mov     ebx,dword ptr [replace]
        mov     ecx,dword ptr [replace+4]
        cmpxchg8b  search
        add  esi,4
        pop    ecx
        loop   ag
        .exit
        end


******************************************************************





rdtsc

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TITLE    rdtsc.ASM
       .MODEL  TINY
       .586

PRINTF  MACRO   DMES
        MOV     AH,9
        LEA     DX,DMES
        INT     21H
        ENDM
LF                         EQU      0AH
CR                         EQU      0DH

        .stack  16
        .data
cpuspeed        equ   350
firstrdtsc      dq 0
ttfe    db   cr,lf,'    microseconds $'        
        .CODE
        .STARTUP
        MOV     AX,@DATA
        MOV     DS,AX
        push    edx
        push    ecx
        db 0fh,31h    ; op code for rdtsc instruction as borland is diplomatic
        mov     dword ptr firstrdtsc,eax
        mov     dword ptr firstrdtsc+4,edx